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Carbon and Bromine Oxidation Numbers

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There are various similarities and differences between the non-metallic element carbon and the halogen element bromine. The oxidation numbers of these elements in several compounds can be used as a basis for classifying organic reactions.

Bromine is a tetravalent halogen that has a number of properties that make it attractive for use in flame retardants, furniture foam, and textiles. It is also a toxic gas with a strong smell. Since bromine is not stable, it disrupts biological reactions.

Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the earth’s crust. It is a non-metallic element with four valence electrons, and it is one of the softer materials.

In contrast, chlorine is an electronegative element, and is the largest halogen. Bromine is the third lightest halogen. These differences are important because they influence the nature of the bond between the two elements.

When carbon and bromine are combined, they form a covalent bond. This is the most stable chemical bond and the relationship between the two is one of the strongest.

The characteristic frequency of the bond is about 300 cm-1. A decrease in the characteristic frequency indicates a weakening of the bond.

Another characteristic is the force constant. This characteristic is a measure of the tendency of a bonding pair to move towards the other nucleus. For a single bromine atom, this value is about 2.5×10-5 dynes per cm.

For bromide with three atoms, this value is about 1.69×1013; for bromide with four atoms, it is about 1.69×1013; for chloride, it is about 3.2×10-5 dynes per cm.


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