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Nickel oxide is the chemical compound with the formula NiO, a light green powder that is the stoichiometric form of nickel. Like most binary metal oxides, it adopts the rock-salt structure with octahedral Ni2+ and O2- sites. It can be non-stoichiometric, and this color change is often accompanied by other changes in physical properties such as conductivity.
green nickel oxide has a wide variety of applications, including ceramic and glass pigments, and the production of nickel-zinc ferrite for use in magnetic materials. It is also used in the manufacture of nickel salts (eg, chloride, nitrate and sulfate) that can be used to make refined nickel oxide. It is also used to produce nickel-metal hydride batteries that are becoming increasingly important in the electronic and energy storage industries.
It is also an essential raw material in the production of solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and solid-oxide electrolytic cell fuel cells (SOECFCs). In SOFCs, nickel is a key component in the anode that combines with fuel to generate electricity. Nickel has excellent electrical conductivity, which is needed for SOFC operation. It also has high reactivity to enable the fuel to be oxidized at lower temperatures than other anode materials.
In 2-year National Toxicology Program (NTP) studies of green nickel oxide inhalation exposure, it was found to cause hepatotoxicity in male F344/N rats and equivocal toxicity in female B6C3F1 mice. It is also a weak irritant to the skin, causing erythema in rabbits at concentrations of up to 10 mg/kg of body weight.
