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Graphite Graphite can be classified into artificial graphite Graphite or natural graphite. Although both graphite powders have similar properties in terms of physical and chemical structure, their applications are very different. Some researchers have not noticed the differences between the two, and called it graphite as a whole in several studies. This conflation has resulted in many errors of judgment and decision-making, which have led to a waste of resources and financial losses. This article discusses the structure, composition and performances of both natural and synthetic graphite.
Graphite powder: Classification and characteristics
Natural graphite is produced by transforming organic carbon under long-term geological conditions of high temperatures and high pressure. It is nature’s crystallization. The crystal form of graphite determines the process characteristics. Minerals with a variety of crystal forms are used in different industries. There are several types of graphite powder. The industry divides graphite according to its crystalline form. My country has two main categories: flake graphite, and cryptocrystalline.
Crystallography uses polycrystals to describe the structure of graphite. Artificial graphite comes in many different forms, each with a unique production process. All graphite materials that are obtained through high-temperature graphitization and organic carbonization can be collectively termed artificial graphite. These include carbon (graphite), carbon fiber, foam graphite etc. Artificial graphite, in its narrowest sense, is the result of using carbonaceous raw material (petroleum, pitch, etc.). With low impurity contents as aggregates, coal pitches, etc. After batching, kneading molding and carbonization (industrially known as it is a block-solid material obtained through baking), and graphitization. Examples include graphite electrode, hot isostatic pressed graphite etc. Today, we will look at the uses and production processes of artificial graphite.
Artificial Graphite – Application and Production Process
Anode materials are one of the key components of lithium-ion battery, and they play a major role in energy efficiency and cycle stability. The development of science has led to the emergence of new negative electrodes materials. These materials include graphene and carbon nanotubes. They also come in silicon-based, tinbased, tungstenbased, etc. but their large quantity is limited due to different problems. At present, graphite carbon materials dominate the market for anode materials.
Artificial graphite is less crystallized, has a lower graphitization level (=93%) than natural graphite and a more disordered structure. Artificial graphite also has a surface that is not smooth and porous. It also has a high specific surface. It decomposes and reacts easily with the electrodelyte. Therefore, its initial efficiency (=350mAh/g), and specific capacity are low.
Researchers improved the production method to overcome the problem of artificial graphite, which is used in lithium-ion batteries. A modified artificial graphite product with low expansion and high compaction is a good example. The use of it as the positive electrode of a replacement lithium battery will improve its conversion to electrolyte and reduce the swelling of pole shoe. The process of production is to replace the artificial graphite by pitch, etc. The carbonization process is to replace the artificial graphite with pitch, etc. A layer of amorphous, carbon-doped material is formed over the surface. The overlapping layer prevents the co-embedding and expansion of organic solvents. The surface layer has been displaced so that the lithium batteries are interrupted. This maintains high capacity and low potential, as well as compatibility with solvents.
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