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Potassium nitrate is a soluble source of two major essential plant nutrients. It is used as a fertilizer for crops that benefit from the added nitrogen (NO3-) nutrition or nitrate and potassium (K+) nutrient balance. Potassium nitrate is an alkali metal nitrate compound consisting of a solution of potassium (K+) ions, nitrate ions (NO3-), and oxygen.
All nitrates are ionic compounds and must contain a positive cation to neutralize their negative electrons. Potassium nitrate does not react with itself but is easily dissolved in water and many other solvents. This makes it easy to prepare solutions with the desired concentration and to mix potassium nitrates together.
A mixture of potassium nitrate and dimethyl isosorbide desensitizes hypersensitive teeth at a faster rate than potassium nitrate alone. The combination of DMI and potassium nitrate is also more effective at reducing the pH level of gastric secretions in the stomach.
Potassium nitrate is soluble in hot water and other organic liquids, but not very well in cold water or alcohol. It is also a strong oxidizing agent, and if it comes in contact with easily oxidized materials it may cause ignition or explosion. It is toxic if ingested and can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat when inhaled as a dust or mist. Higher exposures can cause pulmonary edema, which is a medical emergency that must be treated within a few hours or death can occur. When exposed, flush skin and eyes with running water for 15 minutes. If fire occurs, extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, halon, or water spray.
