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The density of a substance is the total mass divided by the volume of the occupied space. Density is typically measured in units of kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) or pounds per cubic foot (lbm/ft3).
The atomic weight of an element is a factor that contributes to the density. The atomic weight of an element is based on its atomic number and its atomic radius.
In the case of a metal, its density is largely influenced by its lattice geometry. There are two simple types of atomic packing structures that produce the highest density: hexagonal close-packed (hcp) and face-centered cubic (fcc).
Hexagonal Close-packed
Hexagonal close-packed is one of the most common crystalline arrangements of atoms. In a hexagonal close-packed structure, each atom in the top and bottom layers is sandwiched between three atoms in the middle layer.
Fcc
Face-centered cubic is another popular crystalline arrangement of atoms, where the atoms in each top and bottom layer are located on opposite sides of the center. Both of these crystalline arrangements are considered the most dense when measured in terms of atomic weight and atomic volume.
The atomic weight of einsteinium is 241 with an atomic radius of 1.33 nm and a valence of +3. There are 17 known isotopes, each with a different atomic mass, ranging from 252 to 257. These isotopes have different half-lives, with the longest being 252Es with a half-life of 471.7 days.
