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The Properties and Multi-band Superconductivity of Magnesium Boride

What is Magnesium Boride?

Magnesium boron diboride is an ionic complex with a hexagonal crystalline structure. It is a compound of intercalation with alternate layers of magnesium, and boron.

Researchers discovered in the year 2001 that a seemingly ordinary compound, magnesium Diboride, becomes a Superconductor at temperatures slightly below 40K (i.e. -233degC). Its working temperature ranges from 20 to 30K. You can use liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, or closed-cycle refrigeration to reach this temperature. These methods are easier and cheaper than industrial cooling of niobium alloys (4K), which uses liquid helium. When magnesium boride is doped either with carbon or another impurity, it can be as superconducting as niobium or even better in the presence a magnetic field. Applications include superconducting magnetic fields, power transmission cables, and sensitive magnet field detectors.

Superconductivity Research in Multi-Band

Metal materials are often characterized by multi-bands and multi-Fermi noodles. As the material becomes superconducting, the superconducting surface energy gap will be opened. This can lead to multiple energy gaps. Due to extremely strong interband scattering, the multiband effect in superconducting materials is greatly diminished. However, in some superconducting materials with quasi-two-dimensional characteristics, multi-band and multi-gap effects will appear due to the orthogonality of the electron motion wave functions above different energy bands. Iron-based superconductors, which were recently discovered, also show this multiband phenomenon. It is a current important direction in superconducting material and physics research.


Magnesium diboride can be described as a superconductor with multiple bands. It has two s band holes, one p band hole and one electron p band. Due to the special configuration of the Fermi surface (the p band is three-dimensional and the s band is quasi-two-dimensional), its The wave vectors of electrons in different energy bands are in an orthogonal state, so that the inter-band scattering is not very strong, which makes the superconductor's multi-band characteristics outstanding. Hall effect is an effective way to detect the number of carriers and changes in scattering rate. By combining magnetoresistance, and Hall effect we can calculate the scattering rate for electrons within different energy bands.


(aka. Technology Co. Ltd., a trusted global chemical materials supplier & manufacture with more than 12 years experience in providing high quality nanomaterials and chemicals. Our company's MgB2 powder is of high purity with a fine particle size. Lower, if needed, please Contact us.

2023-08-07

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The Different Types of Phosphide Powder

Phosphide Powder Classification
Ionic Phosphates
Alkali metals, metals of the alkaline Earth, zinc, aluminium and other phosphates. You can think of these compounds as derivatives from phosphines, where the hydrogen atoms were replaced by metals atoms with equal equivalence. Most ionics phosphates can be decomposed in acids. Calcium phosphide (Ca3P2), for instance, is easily reacted with water in order to form hydroxide and phosphide. Zinc Zn3P2 is a phosphide that reacts slowly in water, but readily with acid.

Metallic Phosphide
Phosphates are a mixture of most heavy metals. They have a similar composition and look to metal intercompounds and most cannot be broken down by acids or water.

Phosphide Powder Application
The preparation of high-strength alloy steel can be improved with the addition of 0.1-0.3% phosphorus (alloyed). Ferric Phosphor is a by-product from single phosphor made by the electric furnace process. In ferric phosphor, there are small amounts of silicon, chrome, alum, and other impurities.
Iridium-phosphide is a chemically stable and extremely hard material that is used to make pens.
Magnesium Phosphide releases half of its phosphine into moist air.
Aluminum phosphide can also release highly toxic phosphine into moist air. This is why it's used in grain fumigants.
Copper phosphide can be used as an oxidizer.
A phosphating grains is used as a semi-conductor.

The Phosphide

Calcium phosphide
It is a granular or crystallized material that is reddish-brown in color with a melting temperature of approximately 1600. Its relative density measures 2.51. This material is soluble only in acids, but not in ethanol or ethyl alcohol. It is made by heating aluminum and carbon to reduce the calcium phosphate. It is used to make phosphine bombs, signal bombs, and fireworks. Zinc phosphide, a dark gray powder that has an unpleasant odor and a melting temperature above 420 degrees Celsius, is non-combustible when ignited, and its density is 4.55 grams per cubic centimeter (18). It's soluble in lye or oil, but can also dissolve in water. Zinc phosphide poison baits with a 2% - 3% zinc powder and a red phosphorus at 550 can be used to kill rats and voles. Aluminum phosphide comes in a gray-yellow powder or crystal. It does not melt, sublimate, or decompose at 1000°C. The ignition temperature of the powder is around 100, and its relative density is 2,85. It is made from aluminum powder and red-phosphorus that reacts at 650 with electric current or flame. Aluminum phosphide should be dried and stored. It releases toxic phosphide when wet.

Sodium phosphide
The red crystal Na3P is highly toxic and flammable when it reacts with water. Use as a phosphating compound to prepare pesticides and phosphine. Chemical reaction produces red phosphorus by combining metallic sodium and red phosphorus.


Hydrogen phosphide
Phosphine, which is stored in compressed cylinders, is a colorless gas that's highly toxic and flammable. Its storage pressure (522psig) is 70oF of its vapor-pressure. The gas is heavier and smells similar to fish. When traces of phosphorus hydrides like ethophosphate or other phosphorus-containing hydrides are present, spontaneous combustion occurs. Phosphine has been classified as a gas that is highly toxic and spontaneously flameable. Inhaling phosphine is harmful to the liver, heart, kidneys and nervous system.

Tech Co., Ltd. is a leading Phosphide powder with over 12 year experience in chemical product research and design. You can contact us to send an inquiry if you are interested in high quality phosphonide powder.

2023-08-07

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Properties And Application of Titanium Carbide Based Cermet

Titanium carbide properties:

Titanium carbide This crystal is iron grey with a metallic shine. It is a metal-like substance with similar properties: high melting, boiling and hardness points. Its thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and hardness are second only to that of diamond. It is superconducting at low temperatures. This substance can be used to make cermets as well as heat-resistant metals, antiwear materials, high temperature radiation materials and other high temperature vacuum devices.

Titanium Carbide Based Cermet Properties:

As a typical transition-metal carbide, titanium carbide is intrinsically brittle, and so cannot be used for engineering components. As a result, it is often used to reinforce composite materials and as a material coating. Attention and application, as in the case of titanium-carbide-based cermets.

Titanium carbide based cermet (also known as cermet) is a heterogeneous material made of metal or alloy phase TiC. It combines high strength, high toughness, wear resistance high temperature resistance oxidation resistance chemical stability and ceramics.

Application and Use of Titanium Carbide Based Ceramic:

Cutting metal tools The new titanium-carbide-based cermet tool material has been developing rapidly over the past few years. It offers a very high level of performance, and the wear resistance is higher than normal cemented carbide when cut under identical conditions. Wear resistance in high-speed cuts is 5 to 8 time higher than cemented carbide YT14 and 15. Titan carbide-based blades are now being made in various shapes and sizes, and used for precision drilling holes, "turning instead" of grinding, and other finishing fields.

2.Aerospace industry: This TiC/Cu cermet, prepared using a high-temperature sintered infiltration framework process, has excellent ablation resistance. It can be used for the lining of rocket throats and as a guard plate material.

3.Others: This metal-based ceramic lining can be used for anti-corrosion pipelines for transporting petroleum, chemical and semi-products. Also, it can be used for anti-wear pipelines for mines and beneficiation plants, as well as slurry pipelines. The lining is also suitable for use in water pipes with muddy waters...

Tech Co., Ltd. is a professional Titanium Carbide We have over 12 year experience in research and development of chemical products. You can contact us for Titanium Carbide. Contact us Send an inquiry.

2023-08-07

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The chemical properties of amorphous boron are more active than those of crystalline boron

What is amorphous boran powder? Amorphous Boron has more active properties than crystalline Boron. Crystalline Boron is so hard it is used as a substitute for diamonds in the manufacture of cutting tools or drill bit. To prevent metal oxidation, a small quantity of boron is added to the metal smelting processes.
Amorphous Boron Powder is an important energy material. In a composite solid propellant, it is used as a solid energy fuel. The calorific power of boron is two times higher than carbon. Its volume, however, is three times that of hydrocarbon fuel. Amorphous Boron's large surface area and irregular shape cause its ignition temperature to drop dramatically.
Characteristics of Amorphous Boron powder
Amorphous Boron Powder is an odorless, dark brown powder. It can be ignited when heated above 700°C and oxidized at 300°C. It is used as a boron fine product in many fields, including metallurgy. Commonly used in deoxidizers, airbag initiators, rocket fuel igniters, etc.
Amorphous Boron has more active properties chemically than crystalline Boron. Crystalline Boron is so hard it is often substituted for diamond when making drill bits or cutting tools. To prevent metal oxidation, a small quantity of boron is added to the metal-smelting process. Boron-copper is used, for example to make control rods in atomic reactors. Boron is a dark brown to black powder. At room temperature it can react with Fluorine, but not hydrochloric or hydrofluoric acid. Boron is not soluble with water. However, it can be dissolved in boiling sulfuric and nitric acids, as well as most metals, such a copper, iron and manganese. It is widely applied in many fields, including metallurgy.
Use of boron powder
1. In terms of energy, boron is the best non-metallic additive. Because of its irregular form and large specific area, boron powder's ignition temperature decreases significantly.
2. Boron is an important raw material in the production of boron halide, as well as for the preparation of other raw materials containing borides.
3. Oxygen free copper smelting oxidizer: Addition of small amounts of boron in the metal smelting procedure, one hand to act as a oxidizer and prevent metal oxidation when heated;
4. Boron powder, used in alloys to form alloys or improve mechanical properties of metals, is used to create special metal products.
5. Boron powder may also be used to weld.
6. Boron Powder for Solid Rocket Propellant
7. Boron powder used as a catalyst for airbags in automobiles
8. Magnesium Carbon Brick Additive for High Temperature Furnace of Steelmaking
Boron powder Supplier
(aka. Technology Co. Ltd., a trusted global chemical supplier and manufacturer with more than 12 years of experience in providing high-quality Nanomaterials and chemicals. Our company is currently developing a number of materials. The Amorphous Boron Powder The products produced by our company are of high purity and have low impurity levels. To get the latest information, click here. Boron powder price Click on the desired product to send an enquiry.
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2023-08-07

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Preparation Method of Superfine Silver Powder and Nano Silver Powder

Properties of superfine silver powder and nano silver powder:
The particle morphology of ultrafine silver powder includes spherical, dendritic, flake, cubic and microcrystalline. After the silver nitrate is complexed with ammonia water, it is obtained by adding dispersant, adding hydrazine for reduction, washing with water, filtering and drying. The average particle size is <0.5mm. The specific surface area is 0.1~5m2/g. There is also the silver oxide reduction method with formaldehyde. And convert silver nitrate into silver carbonate, add triethanolamine to reduce to obtain molecular silver method.

Ultrafine silver powder is an essential material in the electrical and electronic industries, and it is a kind of precious metal powder widely used in the electronics industry. Nanosilver particles have small size effects, quantum size effects, surface effects and macro-quantum tunnelling effects due to their unique structure, and thus have physical and chemical properties that traditional materials do not have. Nanosilver particles occupy a significant position in the fields of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced resonance scattering spectroscopy, molecular biology, supramolecular systems, etc., and are one of the essential materials for basic theoretical research.

Nanosilver powder has high surface activity and catalytic performance and is widely used in catalysts and ultra-low temperature refrigerator diluents. At the same time, due to its unique physical and chemical properties, it has also been commonly used in immunoassays, sensor development, and molecular electronics. Besides, adding a small amount of nanosilver to chemical fibre can improve specific properties of chemical fibre products and make it have strong sterilization ability. According to the shape of the ultrafine silver powder, there are roughly spherical, flocculent, dendritic and flake-like types; according to the particle size, it can be divided into fine silver powder with an average particle size of 10-40mm; ultrafine silver powder with an average particle size of 0.5-10mm; Fine silver powder, average particle size <0.5mm; nano silver powder, particle size <0.1mm.
Preparation method of superfine silver powder and nano silver powder:

The preparation methods of ultrafine silver powder mainly include gas phase method, liquid phase method and reliable phase method. The gas-phase process has large investment, high energy consumption and low yield; the ultrafine silver powder prepared by the reliable phase method has a large particle size and a broad particle size distribution; the liquid phase chemical reduction method is currently a standard method for low-cost and small-batch preparation of ultrafine silver powder.

The principle of the liquid phase chemical reduction method for preparing ultrafine silver powder is to use a reducing agent to deposit silver from its salt or complex aqueous solution or organic system in powder form. Commonly used reducing agents include formaldehyde, ascorbic acid, glycerin, organic amines, unsaturated alcohols, sodium citrate, hydrazine and hydrazine compounds, etc. Generally, hydrazine hydrate is used. In the silver ammonia aqueous solution, a certain amount of additive nitrate is added. Under the action of the reducing agent hydrazine hydrate, the amount of the additive is adjusted to obtain a silver powder with different particle sizes. The nitrate additives used can be one or two, and the addition amount is determined according to requirements. The silver powder prepared by this method has a small particle size, a short particle size distribution range and good reproducibility.

(aka. Technology Co. Ltd.) is a trusted global chemical material supplier & manufacturer with over 12 years' experience in providing super high-quality chemicals and Nanomaterials. The superfine silver powder produced by our company has high purity, adequate particle size and impurity content. Lower, please contact us if necessary.

2023-08-07

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The Properties And Preparation of Gallium Oxide Powder

Gallium oxide Inorganic compound Ga2O3 has the chemical formula. Also called gallium trioxide. It's a semiconductor with a large bandgap (Eg=4.9eV) that has good electrical conductivity, light-emitting properties, and can be used to detect O2.

The Properties Of Gallium Oxide

Gallium oxide is composed of white triangular crystals. Although it is not soluble, it is easily soluble with alkali metal hydrides, dilute acids, and hot acid solutions.

Gallium trioxide (III oxide) is the most stable oxide of gallium. It can be made by heating metal gallium to oxidize or by calcining galium hydroxide at 200-250degC.

Ga2O3 is capable of reacting with a wide range of metal oxides. The crystal structure has been determined for gallate M(I),GaO2, obtained from alkali metaloxide reaction (above 400). The same as Al2O3 and Ln2O3, this material can be obtained by reaction of MgO with ZnO. CoO, NiO, and CuO Spinel Type M(II).

The preparation of gallium oxyide

1. Add a highly-concentrated hot aqueous NaHCO3 aqueous to the hot aqueous gallium trichloride GaCl3 and boil until all gallium hydroxides have precipitated. After washing the precipitate in hot water, calcinate it at 600degC until no Cl- remains. When NH4Cl still remains, at 250degC it will react Ga2O3 and generate GaCl3.

2. This is how you prepare high purity galium oxide. Use high-purity Ga metal as anode. Dissolve it in a H2SO4 solution of 5%-20%, add ammonia, cool and crystallize Ga (NH4)(SO4)2, before drying it at 105degC. When there is excess oxygen in the air, burning at 800degC and for 2h will yield a 99.99%-99.9999% pure product.

3. The solution should be concentrated until it is close to crystallization. When this happens, the solution can be transferred to a large evaporating plate and dried. Burn the Ga(NO3)3 that has been evaporated in a muffle-furnace. The temperature must be maintained at 550°C for 5 hours. After cooling, 1.2kg of highly pure gallium oxide can be obtained.

Tech Co., Ltd. is a professional The powder of gallium oxide Over 12 years in research and development of chemical products. You can contact us for high quality galium oxide powder. Contact us Send an inquiry.

2023-08-07

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Physical properties of silicon carbide powder pellet binder

It has a strong affinity and bonding function for silicon carbide raw materials. It improves the hydrophilicity and has a strong bonding function with silicon carbide raw material. Quartz sand, wood chips, salt, coke and anthracite are used as raw materials to make silicon carbide. It is then melted at high temperatures in a resistance oven. Purity and particle size are important factors for the silicon carbide (SiC) to enter furnace raw materials. If not, it will cause problems like poor gas permeability in the furnace charge or incomplete reaction between C and SiO2. In order to avoid the problem of too fine raw materials being fed into the furnace in the form of a charge, high-purity binders are added and the charge is processed into smelting Pellets. It is used in the smelting process of silicon carbide. This helps to improve the gas permeability, finish the reaction between C & SiO2, and reduce emissions. This is the most effective way to reduce costs.
Tech Co., Ltd. () has over 12 years' experience in the chemical product development and research. You can send us an email if you're looking for Silicon carbide of high quality.

2023-08-07

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Characteristics and applications of spherical alumina

Spherical alumina: characteristics
1. High filling: The large particle diameters and wide particle size distributions allow for high density filling of rubber and plastics, and produce compounds with good fluidity and low viscosity.
2. High thermal conduction: The high filling density of the compound allows it to have higher thermal conductivity as well as a faster heat dissipation compared with crystalline silicon.
3. Spherical shape reduces wear of machines such as kneading machines.
Application of spherical aluminum
1. Use as a ceramic material
Micropowder with a spherical shape has excellent properties for compression molding and silting, making it ideal for producing high-quality ceramics.
2. It is used as a material for grinding and polishing
Avoiding scratches can be achieved by using spherical aluminum oxide as a polishing material.
3. It is used in the petrochemical industries
The petrochemical industries are putting forward higher and higher standards for the pore distribution and the pore structure of alumina carriers. To control the pore distribution and size of the formed carrier particles, it is possible to adjust the particle size configuration in the spherical form.
4. Catalyst
The use of spherical aluminum as a catalyst directly can reduce abrasion while increasing the lifespan of the catalyst. This will lower the production costs.
5. For surface protective coating
Surface protection for machinery, tools, chemical pipelines and other surfaces is achieved by spraying spherical oxide particles on metals, polymers, etc. This can significantly improve surface hardness, corrosion and wear resistance.
6. Luminescent materials
Alumina spheres have a high density which reduces the scattering and loss of light.
7. Electronics industry
The excellent properties of spherical aluminum in terms of electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties make it a popular choice for electronic semiconductor packaging.

The excellent properties of spherical aluminum in terms of electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties make it a popular choice for electronic semiconductor packaging.

Tech Co., Ltd. () is an experienced spherical-alumina manufacturer with over 12 year experience in chemical product development and research. If you need high quality alumina in spherical form, feel free to contact us or send an inquiry.

2023-08-06

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The Properties And Application of Titanium nitride

The titanium nitride structure (TiN), which is similar to that of NaCl, has a lattice constant, a = 0.4241 nm. Titanium-atoms are found at the corners tops of this face-centered cubic. TiN has a nonstoichiometric composition, which is TiN0.37 - TiN1.16. Changes in nitrogen content are possible within a specified range, without affecting the structure of TiN. The TiN powder has a yellowish-brown color, while ultrafine powders are black and the TiN crystals have a golden yellow colour. TiN has an excellent thermal shock resistance, a melting temp of 2950degC and a density of 5-4.44g/cm3. TiN has a much higher melting temperature than most of the transition metals, but it also has a lower density. This makes TiN a heat-resistant metal. The TiN crystal is very similar to TiC. However, the C atoms are replaced with N atoms.
Nature Introduction

TiN is an extremely stable compound. It will not reacted with metals, such as iron and chromium at high temperature. Also, TiN crucibles won't react with acidic Slag in CO and N2 atmospheres. It can be used with alkaline or acidic slag. TiN, when heated under vacuum, loses nitrogen and becomes titanium nitride that has a lower nitrogen content.

TiN is attractively golden in color. It also has a very high melting temperature, a good chemical stability, and a low wetting ability to metals. It is a superconductor with high electrical conductivity. It is also superconducting material.

Tech Co., Ltd. () is an experienced Titanium nitride manufacturer and supplier with over 12 year experience in research and product development. You can send us an email if you're looking for Titanium Nitride of high quality.

2023-08-06

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Application of silicon carbide nanomaterials

Silicon carbide is a nanomaterial that has many outstanding properties. These include high thermal conductivity; strong thermal stability; oxidation resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. It also has a low thermal expansion factor, high thermal and electrical conductivity at critical temperatures, a large electric field, and a small dielectric constant. Silicon carbide single-crystal devices are widely applicable in various special environments, including aerospace, radar communications and automobiles. They also have applications in high-temperature radiation and oil drilling. Its optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, which are unique, have a wide range of potential applications. 1. The mechanical properties and application of nanosilicon carbide composite materials

Silicon carbide whiskers possess excellent properties, including high strength and hardness, as well as heat resistance, corrosion resistant, and stable chemical characteristics. It has found wide application in the chemical, chemical, and aerospace industries. It is also called "King of Whiskers". Scientists are able to calculate and measure the mechanical properties of one whisker at a microscopic level. Studies have shown the linear silicon-carbide ceramics are superior to bulk silicon-carbide ceramics in terms of tensile and bend strength. The carbide silicon nanowires have excellent performance and can be used to reinforce high molecular materials such as ceramics, metals, and polymers.

The use of silicon carbide in ceramic composite materials improves the heat resistance of the ceramic material and its high-temperature brittleness.

2. Nanosilic carbide as a catalyst carrier

It has always been important to examine the high specific surface areas of the carrier catalyst. High specific surface area silicon carbide has a better performance when used as a carrier for catalysts due to its excellent material performance. Comparing SiC to traditional carriers alumina, silica oxide, etc. the SiC material's superiority is mainly shown in the following: 1) high heat resistance and thermal conductivity; 2) high chemical stability; 3) strong mechanical strength; not easily broken; 4) low rate of thermal expansion.

3. Field emission properties nano-silicon carbide

SiC Nanowire Array has low turn-on and threshold voltages, high current densities, stable field emissions performance and is ideal for field emission cathodes. It is widely used for microelectronics due to its chemical stability, high temperature, high pressure, and corrosion resistance.

4. Nano-Silicium Carbide: Optoelectronic Properties

The luminescent properties of silicon carbide were also discovered earlier. In a low-temperature environment, silicon carbide can emit blue light. Silicon carbide's wide bandgap is used by people to make light emitting diodes that look blue. The low luminous efficiency and weak blue light of silicon carbide are due to the indirect bandgap properties. In order to increase the luminous efficacy of silicon carbide, many improvements were devised. This includes the preparations of amorphous silica carbide as well as porous single crystal silicon carbide.

(aka. Technology Co. Ltd., a trusted global chemical supplier and manufacturer of high-quality Nanomaterials with over 12 year's experience, is a trusted source for super high quality chemicals. Silicon carbide manufactured by our company is of high purity with fine particles. Contact us if you need to.

2023-08-06

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